"This is the first time it has been shown that the signal from this type of MRI can detect microglial and astrocyte activation, with specific footprints for each cell population. This strategy we have used reflects the morphological changes validated post-mortem by quantitative immunohistochemistry," noted The previous gold standard forin vivo was positron emission tomography . However, this process was difficult to generalize and was associated with exposure to ionizing radiation.
It was therefore reserved for use in vulnerable populations and in longitudinal studies. On the other hand, diffusion-weighted MRI has the unique ability to image brain microstructure in vivo noninvasively and with high resolution by capturing the random movement of water molecules in the brain parenchyma to generate contrast in MRI images.The new approach was tested in a cohort of healthy humans at high resolution,"in which we performed a reproducibility analysis.
To validate the model, the researchers used an established paradigm of inflammation in rats based on intracerebral administration of lipopolysaccharide as well as an established paradigm of demyelination, based on focal administration of lysolecithin, to demonstrate that the biomarkers developed do not reflect the tissue alterations frequently found in brain disorders.
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