4,000 year-old Egyptian skulls show attempts at brain surgery to treat cancer

ArticleBody:Thousands of years ago, ancient Egyptians were performing some medical treatments similar to some that doctors still perform today. Text and archeological evidence reveal that they could build prostheses and fill dental cavities. Ancient Egyptians may have also tried to treat brain cancer, albeit without the benefits of strong anesthetics and other major medical advances.

Tondini, Isidro, Camarós, 2024. Surprisingly, they also found various cut marks around these lesions. They believe that the cut marks were likely made by a sharp object, potentially a metal instrument.

Tondini, Isidro, Camarós, 2024. Skull E270 had a large lesion likely was a cancerous tumor that led to bone destruction. According to the team, this could be a sign that cancer was a common pathology in ancient times. Skull E270 also had two healed lesions from traumatic injuries. One of the injuries appears to have been a close-range violent event with the assailant using a sharp weapon.

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'Extraordinary' 4,000-year-old Egyptian skull may show signs of attempts to treat cancerFrom ancient texts we know that—for their times—the ancient Egyptians were exceptionally skilled at medicine. For example, they could identify, describe, and treat diseases and traumatic injuries, build protheses, and put in dental fillings. Other conditions, like cancer, they couldn't treat—but they might have tried.
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