People who vape have lower levels of exposure to a tobacco-related carcinogen than cigarette smokers, according to a new study of urinary biomarkers.
To examine how urinary biomarkers of exposure to tobacco-related toxicants changed from 2013 to 2019 among adults who used nicotine e-cigarettes, e-cigarettes without nicotine, or combustible cigarettes, Dai and her co-authors analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, a nationally representative study., included data from 16,393 smokers, 1240 nicotine vapers, and 197 vapers who used e-cigarettes without nicotine.
Furthermore, nicotine metabolites ― the substances produced when the body breaks down the drug ― in nicotine vapers nearly doubled over a 6-year period. Still, their levels of exposure to nicotine remained generally lower than those for tobacco smokers, although the difference between the groups shrank over time, according to the researchers. in 2013–2014. By 2018–2019, the figure had nearly doubled . The average level of TNEs for smokers in 2018–2019 was 30.8 nmol/mg of creatinine.
Perhaps formicebutnot for humans!
Your headline doesn't accurately capture what the researchers did & said. Unwarranted activism is one of your more ugly qualities.