What is mmWave? High-band 5G explained | Digital Trends

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Rolling out 5G technology requires carriers navigate a complex sea of radio frequencies to provide the best speeds and coverage. Here's where mmWave 5G fits in.

The rollout of 5G technology around the world has been considerably more complex than the wireless standards that came before. Since 5G demands unprecedented levels of performance, carriers have to navigate a tricky sea of radio frequencies to ensure they can deliver the best speeds and coverage possible.

However, as with the C-band spectrum, the Federal Communications Commission redefined the lower end of the mmWave range in the U.S. to begin in the upper range of the Super High Frequency zone, starting at 24GHz, crossing over into EHF on the way to 47GHz, which is currently the top end of the spectrum allocated for 5G.

Cellular carriers face the same challenges with delivering strong and fast signals to their customers as you would finding an ideal place for your Wi-Fi router. It’s just that carriers have to deal with this on a much larger scale. As some carriers quickly discovered, the problem is that these extremely high frequencies have a depressingly short range; a single mmWave transceiver isn’t likely to provide solid coverage for anything much larger than a city block.

Among the U.S. carriers, only Verizon bet heavily on mmWave in its early 5G deployments. AT&T dabbled in it while T-Mobile mainly steered clear of that spectrum. AT&T opted for more strategic use of mmWave. It had licensed a chunk of 24GHz 5G spectrum early on, primarily deployed for business use in a few cities. Later, it dropped $1.2 billion to acquire a sizeable chunk of 39GHz spectrum, which it’s been more actively deploying to its customers. AT&T calls this its 5G+ service.

To use some oversimplified math, if a mmWave transceiver can offer up to 4Gbps of throughput to a single device, 40 devices can easily get stable 100Mbps connections without slowing each other down. Key mmWave frequencies Some carriers have licensed other chunks of mmWave spectrum as well, although most of it likely won’t be available for use anytime soon.

 

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